Paradise Lost of course. Just kidding... sort of. But honestly, I think short stories are an amazing way to get into the groove of reading, because there's an amazing selection (which you can often find online by googling the title followed by "pdf") and they don't require the commitment of starting a 200+ page novel.
Stuff like Asimov's "The Last Question" and Raymond Carver's "Cathedral" show the range of style and genre which short stories have, and they're both must reads for anyone who is interested in literature in my opinion. I also really like Willa Cather's "Neighbour Rosicky" which is something more pleasantly pastoral and of course Charlotte Perkins Gilman's "The Yellow Wallpaper". I'm not a fan of the formatting in that last one, but it's the best link I could find on short notice.
I guess I really like short stories because I can read them in one sitting, and spend the rest of the day/evening/whatever thinking through everything. They're also always a pleasure to reread for me, due to their short nature, whereas I almost never reread novels. Try them out, I'd love to hear what you think!
As for novels, I feel like you'd probably like David Mitchell's "Cloud Atlas", but make sure you don't ruin it for yourself by seeing the movie. My personal favourite types of novels are James Ellroy's crime fiction. His novel, "The Black Dahlia" is a nice starting point since it's his most well-known and praised work. But I truly love "The Big Nowhere", which is surely my favourite novel of all time. It depicts the socio-political landscape of post-war America so well, with amazing characters and writing, it just makes me sad I can't be a part of the novel's world. If you like the sounds of crime fiction but want a short story starting point, Dashiell Hammett has written plenty which are excellent (I like "The Big Knockover" and how it trails into "106,000 Blood Money"... or maybe that's the other way around. I should reread them both), and of course you should probably read "The Maltese Falcon" because it's a novel which zips by with style and gusto.
Side note - another novel which zips by nicely is Philip K. Dick's "Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep", a sci-fi classic. "Snowcrash" by Neal Stephenson was also mentioned by Vinny once I think, and it's really good in a video-gamey kind of way, and anticipates a lot of things which have and are coming to fruition in games. I don't adore the actual writing style, but it is full of amazing moments, and should be checked out by anyone who likes games and sci-fi.
If you like gothic stuff, tell me because I can recommend lots of gothic stuff, I just didn't because I'd probably never stop. To make it clear, I can't handle anything remotely scary when it comes to movies or games, but gothic literature is just so damn good. (I know I said I wouldn't recommend something but if you like the idea of gothic read Bram Stoker's "Dracula" which is a great and classic novel, or start lightly with Edgar Allan Poe's "The Black Cat" or so many of his other short stories. Although they can sometimes take their time in getting going just a tad, "The Black Cat" doesn't really suffer as much from this and will give you a good sense of what he's about - which btw is usually straight up murder).
Also, if you want a challenge, you should definitely read Milton's "Paradise Lost". I'm not religious in any way, but found it engrossing and it really opened my mind up. It does take a lot of effort and commitment, however, if you study it you will find that it is incredibly rewarding (if you want to go down this path, this edition edited by Alastair Fowler is amazing and full of amazing annotations which will help you really understand every possible aspect of what's going on). Milton himself is a champion of a writer, probably taking the crown in my opinion as the best writer of all time, just for his range of contributions to the genre (one of the first to write politically, many glorious poems and sonnets, a genuine genius - by that I mean like actually a super-genius - and of course the writer of one of the greatest epics in literature's history).
Sorry about the wild tangents and overloading of information, but I hope that some of this has been interesting and that you find something that you like. I guess it's a testament to the wild range you can find in literature. I didn't get into poetry because I don't know how much you'd be interested, and there's lots to recommend there as well. If you ever want more recommendations, have questions, or just want to talk about something you've read I am always super up for it!
Edit: Made the links work like they should and I have no idea how I forgot Murakami but @chris86 took care of that. His writing is pure bliss and tranquility oftentimes.
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