Whoever it was that first developed writing. Sure the spoken language is important too, but writing allows for us to keep records and history and such without having to pass it on from word of mouth. History, teachings, stories, the internet, etc would not exist without the written language, and we'd still be a tribal society relying on the spoken word to relay everything. If the printing press is often considered the most influential invention of the last millennium, that alone should tell you something about the importance of the written word.
Whoever discovered the ability to create fire would also be up there; that led to a lot of things -- cooking, lighting, heating, etc etc. Mmm fire.
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