7.
I don't know a lot about F1, but I know a thing or two about microphones.
Most good quality dynamic microphones would be able to handle the SPL (Sound Pressure Level) of an F1 car. The Shure SM58 (an industry standard dynamic microphone) can handle up to about 180db and F1 cars produce about 130-150db.
Drew, you're likely most familiar with "condenser" microphones, as that's what almost all Lav mics are, and they have much lower SPL limits. For those who don't know anything about audio, dynamic basically means it doesn't require outside power, using electromagnetic induction to pick up sound (a movable induction coil in a magnetic field vibrates to ambient sound). Condenser microphones do require outside power (also known as Phantom Power or "+48V") which comes from the sound board or a battery pack as they have onboard electronics and amplifiers which can overload and become damaged. Condensers are generally higher sound quality (especially in the higher frequency range) and higher dynamic range but are much more sensitive to audio levels as well as physical shock (you can break them by dropping them). Dynamic microphones are very common in live audio (where my experience is) because they can handle extremely high volume levels such as the volume of a fully cranked guitar amp or a loud snare drum as well as being generally very durable (the Shure SM57 or SM58 could be used a hammer if you really needed to and it would still work just fine). So, my guess is they're using some type of dynamic microphone with a pad (a filter that reduces the strength of incoming signal) on the preamp to prevent it from overloading and clipping. You can get condenser microphones with built in pads that enable them to handle higher SPL's so it's possible they're using that, but even with a pad, I don't know how well a condenser mic could handle the volume of an F1 car.
It's also possible they're using ribbon microphones, which is another style of microphone that also uses electromagnetic induction to pick up sound (a "ribbon" of conductive material between the poles of a magnet) that can also handle high SPL's and has better high frequency response than your typical dynamic microphone. These types of microphones are less common (although in the early 1900s, they were the standard) but modern manufacturing has made these cheaper and more durable so they're becoming more popular, so it's also possible one of these is being used but my best guess would be that it's just a high quality, small, light, dynamic microphone.
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