@gaff:
I can't really speak about the impact potential child bearing could have on a womans choice of education or career goal. I am not a woman.
I wouldn't say it's necessarily the job they chose to pursue, a female leaving university looking to become a high school math teacher should be paid the same as a male leaving university looking to become a high school math teacher, given their qualifications and experience are a match.
If these two math teachers were to make a baby, the first highly variable factor in the lives of these two teachers that will have an impact on pay is paternity leave. How many weeks or months to take before and after birth. What time a woman may arrive at work if they're ferrying children to a daycare centre, a nursery or school. How early a woman might leave each day to collect their children. It's all these highly variable factors that impacts a womans pay and her overall income.
On the employers side of things, discrimination is another variable factor, whether it's promotions, pay rises or to employ or reject. It happens frequently, not in all cases, but it would be naïve to think it doesn't. It's very difficult, if not impossible, to prevent discrimination. We have laws against it, there are punishments as deterrents, we are taught that it's wrong and yet still it exists. Heck there's even laws to encourage discrimination. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_quota)
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