Okay, I'll give it a go.
1. Hamilton drives the Mercedes car, which up to Hungarian Grand Prix, had been chewing its tyres up faster than the Red Bull, Lotus and Ferrari cars. The Spanish Grand Prix was a classic example. Mercedes had the front 2 positions on the grid and had serious tyre wear issues resulting in a poor race finish. All the teams were expecting really high temperatures (air and track) which would make the tyre wear worse for the Mercedes. It turns out that the changes that were made after the British Grand Prix to the tyres actually helped Mercedes with their tyre wear and it wasn't much of an issue for them during the race.
2. Qualifying is split into 3 sections. In the first part, 6 cars are eliminated and start from 17th to 22nd. 6 more cars are eliminated in part 2, starting in 11th to 16th. The top ten is then decided in the last part. The worst place Mark Webber could start was 10th as only 10 cars take part in the last part of qualifying. It is also used as a strategic move as the top 10 must start on the tyres it set its fastest time in the last part of qualifying. By not setting a time, they can choose which compound of tyres to start the race on. There are 2 compounds of dry tyre to choose from at each race, determined by Pirelli.
3. There are rules in place which guide how cars are designed. The better design teams and the teams with more money can come up with clever ideas that are within the rules but open to interpretation and that usually gets them ahead of the game. Red Bull have the best designer in F1 and are generally the car to beat each year. The driver can make a difference in certain circumstances but it is usually the car which is the determining factor. The better drivers are usually the ones that find a way to score the most points in their team during the race.
4. You aren't allowed to weave across the track. Usually, you are allowed 1 defensive move and then not move back on the line. When side by side, you must leave a cars width. You also are not allowed to exceed track limits to overtake another car. Track limits are the white lines around the track edge.
5. All the tracks have at least 1 detection point and 1 activation point. The car behind must be within 1 second when they cross the detection point to be able to activate in the specified zone. Some tracks have a 2nd activation point and sometimes a 2nd detection point. In theory, DRS cannot be activated outside the zone but there have been a number of issues with the system this season.
6. The teams must use both compounds of tyre during the race. The softer tyre is generally faster but doesn't last as long so the harder tyre is used as the tyre that does the majority of the race. Strategy comes into play if you can get the softer tyre on late in the race to go faster but with the tyre wear, it can backfire.
7. I don't know what they use. I don't think I've ever seen a piece done on the technology behind all that.
8. You will be penalised if you are deemed to have gained an advantage, usually overtaking someone. If they have overtaken someone, they should give the place back but the final decision is usually down to stewards.
9. Fail 22 is an internal code used by Red Bull. It was probably to tell the driver that the KERS system had failed or it could have been some kind of overheating issue.
10. 1st - 25, 2nd - 18, 3rd - 15, 4th - 12, 5th - 10, 6th - 8, 7th - 6, 8th - 4 9th - 2, 10th - 1. Grosjean did get a 20 second penalty after the race had finished for causing a collision. That penalty meant he still finished 6th and got 8 points.
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