The first copies of the games
1952 year.
The first logical computer game "OXO" was created - a computer implementation of "tic-tac-toe" (a field of three by three cells, the user made his move, after that the computer made a return move). The game was created by A.S. Douglas during his PhD studies at the University of Cambridge (UK). Douglas wrote his dissertation on the topic of human-computer interaction, and used the game as a visual illustration. The game existed in a single copy on a large computer - the EDSAC mainframe.
1958 year.
The first tennis simulator was created. Creator - William Higinbotham - one of the scientists at Brookhaven National Laboratory (New York, USA). The game was named "Tennis for Two". In this game, two people controlled movable platforms to hit the ball. The computer did not participate in the game, but only in real time rendered the result of the players' actions on the oscilloscope. This game existed in one single copy.
1962 year.
The computer game "SpaceWar!" The creators are Steve Russell and a group of students from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MTI) (Cambridge, USA). The game consisted of the following: two small spaceships flew across the screen, fired at each other and dodged the only movable star-shaped obstacle. Controllers were created specifically for the game, remotely similar to modern joysticks. "SpaceWar!" became the first truly computer game, because the two previous games were only a computer implementation of already existing board games. This game existed for a long time in one single copy.
(In fact, MTI started making games a little earlier. From 1959 to 1961, three games were created on the TX-0 computer, before SpaceWar !. and a piece of cheese (point), and the computer in the form of a mouse (another point) tried to go through the maze to the cheese. "HAX": control of the sound device using a computer. "Tic-Tac-Toe": another computer version of the game "crosses -faces. ”Unfortunately, these games were not captured in the photo, the fact of their existence was confirmed only in words).
Game distribution begins
1962 year.
In April 1962, DEC began selling relatively small PDP-1 computers. The basic set of these computers included the SpaceWar! Game as a test program. Thus, "SpaceWar!" became the first game released in circulation.
1966 year.
Ralph Baer, learning that his idea for interactive television, announced in 1951, was already being implemented in the form of computer games, began to develop new game prototypes. He created 7 experimental games.
1968 year.
Ralph Baer is developing his experimental console called "Box Brown". All the games he had invented could be played on it. There were also simple arcade games - "Chase Game": two squares chase each other on the screen; and games of a completely new type of "Target Shooting games": you had to shoot a light pistol at the screen.
1969 year.
Programmer Ken Thompson created a video game called Space Travel for the Multics operating system (OS). In this game, the movement of all the planets of the solar system was simulated, the player controlled a spaceship and had to carefully land the ship on one of the planets. The peculiarity of this game is that when it was ported to assembler, the author began writing a new OS "UNIX".
1970 year.
The computer mouse was invented. Douglas Engelbart received a patent for "X-Y position indication system on the monitor". This system looked like a square wooden mouse with large wheels. But in computer games, the mouse began to be used much later.
1971
Launch of the first arcade machines. In September 1971, Stanford University (California, USA) installed the first experimental arcade machine with the Galaxy game (the Spacewar version reworked for the PDP-11 computer).
In November 1971, Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney create Computer Space (a modification of Spacewar for slot machines). Nutting Associates buys the rights to the game and releases 1,500 arcade machines with this game (but a little more than a third of all machines were sold). Computer Space was the first computer game in the world to be published to the general public.
A baseball simulator game "Computer Baseball" was created for the PDP-10 computer. The creator is Don Daglow. The computer processed the player's actions and output the results to the printer.
Created text game "Star Trek" for minicomputer Sigma 7. Creator - Mike Mayfield. In the game, the computer described the game situation in text, the player also answered with the help of the text what actions he wanted to perform.
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The game "The Oregon Trail" was created for teletypes. The creators are Don Ravitsch and two more students from Carleton College.
Formation of gaming companies
1973 year.
The emergence of gaming firms in Japan. On March 19, Kagemasa Kozuki, the owner of Konami, a company that manufactures and repairs jukeboxes, simultaneously starts production of arcade machines.
In May, the company "Hudson Soft" (Sapporo, Japan) is founded. The founders are the Kudo brothers. The firm initially sold telecommunications devices, but quickly switched to developing video games. (Thus, Atari and Magnavox had their first overseas competitors).
Atari makes Gotcha, an arcade maze game.
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The first network game, Empire, was created on PLATO computers. Creator - John Daleske. It was a strategic turn based game for a maximum of 8 players. Players controlled spaceships, developed industries, produced goods, and bought new ships.
1974 year.
The first civilian computer network, Telenet, is inaugurated (the commercial version of the US Department of Defense's experimental ARPANET).
The network game "MazeWar" was created on computers "Imlac PDS-1". This is also the first first-person game. In MazeWar, several players walked through a pseudo three-dimensional maze and fought each other.
The game "SpaSim" was created. The ideas are the same as in MazeWar: up to 32 players simultaneously fought among themselves over the network, but now not in a maze, but against the background of space.
The game "Tank" by "Kee Games" was created. It was the first game to use a ROM with a program. (Immediately after this release, Atari acquires Kee Games).
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