Via Reddit's /u/sirkazuo
A very abbreviated list of technologies realized through NASA funding, research, licensing, facilities, or assistance:
- Aircraft anti-icing systems
- The infrared ear thermometer which measures thermal radiation of the eardrum similar to way the temperatures of stars and planets are measured
- Firefighters' face masks, harnesses, air tanks - built with lightweight aluminum composites designed by NASA for rocket casings. Firefighters' breathing masks for protection from smoke inhalation. Inductorless electronic circuit technology for lower-cost, more rugged short range radios used by firefighters. If it has to do with heat protection, NASA probably developed it.
- Numerous heat-resistant technologies including fire-retardant paints and foams for aircraft, insulating fireproof epoxy, and a fire protectant steel coating for structural protection in high rise buildings
- The process of freeze-drying foods for preservation
- Memory foam, which is used in everything from pillows to aircraft to horseback saddles to safety padding in motorsports and to replicate the feel of flesh in prosthetic limbs
- Invisalign dental braces
- Safety grooves cut into highways, runways, sidewalks, and parking lots to increase traction and alert drivers to the edges of the road
- Advanced silicon solar cells which provided a more than 50% increase in efficiency over current cells at the time
- Baby formula powder, which contains an enrichment ingredient originally created during research on long-duration space travel food sources
- Water purification systems which can produce pure drinkable water from respiration, sweat, and urine
- Scratch-resistant plastics
- Advancements to rubber compounds increasing the average life of car tires by at least 10,000 mi
- The Dustbuster and other cordless portable vacuums
- Embedded Web Technology which allows appliances like your Nest thermostat to be controlled over the internet, pioneered by NASA
- The space blanket found in just about every first aid / first responder kit
- Light-emitting diode medical treatment for tumors
- Ground breaking improvements in Ventricular Assist Devices, tiny mechanical hearts that pump blood until a donor heart is available in patients requiring heart transplant
- Improvements to artificial limb musculature adapted from muscle systems designed for NASA space robotic and EV activities
- Moisture and chemical detecting materials used to alert aircraft mechanics to corrosive conditions and deny your warranty claim when you drop your smartphone in the toilet
- A vast library of computer programs, including the NASA Structural Analysis Program
- Advanced powdered lubricants
- Ultrasonic tension and load testing technology
- Numerous FDA standards, guidelines, and requirements adopted after they were developed in an attempt to keep spacecraft atmosphere absolutely contamination free
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