Looking for a good Japanese novel (translated to English, ideally!) that is thematically related to Persona 4, one way or another, such as 
 
small town country life 
high school life 
supernatural 
personifications of mythological creatures 
etc.. 
 
I doubt one book covers all those topics, but am interested in a Japanese book that covers some of these topics. 

There is a persona manga....

The Suzumiya Haruhi light novels might be up your alley.  They were licensed awhile back, though not sure how many volumes have actually made it over.  Includes the high school life and supernatural sides of things.

Harry Potter

There's plenty of persona 4 doujinshi out there.

Not a novel, but Persona 4 is really similar to the manga JoJo's Bizarre Adventure Part IV: Diamond is Unbreakable.
 
They both involve small towns where people start to gain magical guardians that are bound to their spirits. And there is a mysterious man with one of these spirits walking around killing women.
 
The major differences are that there is no TV world or anything like that, and instead of fighting shadows the main characters fight other people with these spirits that use them for evil. And the killer's identity really isn't much of a mystery, but it follows his experience as the story goes along.
 
 
Unfortunately, there are only two translations for this manga. The only complete one is terrible. There is a lot of engrish and panels left completely untranslated. And the other one isn't completed yet.