A 70% is still a C in most high school and college courses.
@lawgamer:
So in the US 70% is considered an okay pass (better than scraping by but not great)? Because at A-levels in the UK, 70% would be a B (a good grade) and at University (at least at my university) work is so difficult that 70% is considered a first and higher than 80% is considered exceptional. My education has always instilled the belief that 60% was better than average and worthy of praise (which has often lead to confusion with video game review scores for me). Is it just that in the US, getting high marks is seen as more achievable?
So I would say it depends on the situation. I think if you're talking grade school-high school age, a 70% would be considered "low." A 70 would generally be a C- at most public schools, with a 69 being a D+. So it technically "passes." But if you plot student grades on a chart, most of those 70s would be clustered as outliers pretty near the bottom. At least around where I grew up, the "average" student would achieve B's. The kids who really struggled got Cs, and the D's were reserved for kids who went out of their way to skip classes and annoy teachers.
When it gets to university or professional school, things might get more complicated. In grade school, I think most classes probably work on a "points" system, where your grade is just the raw percentage of available points you achieve during a term. That's how it worked at every school I attended growing up. Most of my college courses (at University of Wisconsin) also had points, but then added in a really simple curve system where the student with the highest number of points became the "A" and then everyone was graded off of that.
In professional school, all bets are off, and each school will usually set their own rules. Marquette Law, for example, had a "B" curve and a bunch of very precise rules about how professors were allowed to reach that average. Other schools might set a C average. Places like Yale and Northeastern do away with grades all together.
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A little bit of history might help with this, and also because it's kind of cool (and I apologize in advance. This is going to be a long walk for a ham sandwich as my dad would say.):
So prior to the Vietnam War, a couple of things were true in the United States. First, far fewer people went to University than do today (there's a useful chart here). Second, most colleges in the US, generally speaking, graded on something resembling a C curve. In other words, the "average" grade for the "average" student came out somewhere around a C. Then Vietnam happened.
At this point, the US still had an active military draft, so a lot of people started for looking for ways to avoid it. At the time the war started, there was a blanket draft exemption for people attending university. So the solution to avoiding military service was to get admitted to college. Originally, there was no requirement for the exemption beyond attendance, so it didn't matter what you did once you were there. You could completely slack off and still avoid the draft. That led to college attendance numbers going up from what at the time was the historic normal. Because of the way the mechanics of the draft worked in terms of the age groups getting drafted, you were pretty much safe if you made it though all four years.
That system ended up pissing a lot of people off, since a lot of kids were either too poor to attend, or would lose a slot to a person whose mommy and daddy were wealthy enough to pony up the money to bribe their kids' way in with an endowment. At the same time, the gov't didn't want to draft a bunch of really serious students who might actually be contributing to some sort of scientific or social advancement. So the compromise that got reached was that college was still a draft exemption, but only for "serious" students. If you were performing badly in class, then you'd lose the exemption and be eligible for the draft. I don't remember the exact way things got phrases, but generally speaking, if you were getting below a 2.0 C average, you'd lose your exemption.
And that sounds good except that the college professors also knew this. And setting aside for a minute that a lot of them were very liberal and opposed the war, many of them also didn't want to be responsible for getting a kid sent off to Vietnam. So what ended up happening was that in a lot of cases the "close" grades, where a student might be getting like a D or a low C, were bumped up to a level where that student would pass so they could still maintain their draft exemption.
Of course, that obviously isn't fair to the students who actually worked for their grade, so if someone who was getting a C- is now getting a C, then those actual C's need to be bumped up to a C+, and so on. The result is gradual grade inflation, which, as college stats start showing higher and higher GPAs for students, gradually trickles down into grade schools as well. Combine that with a modern social atmosphere where it's more or less verboten to make anyone think they are anything less that totally awesome, and a C becomes a "bad" grade.
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